History of the Internet:

The Internet has roots dating back to 1957. When a Russian satellite named Sputnik launched a Cold War threat, the United States formed the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). This agency was formed to investigate the use of science for military purposes. In 1969, the Department of Defense commissioned the development of ARPANet, a non-centralized communication network connecting four research campuses across the United States. Non-centralized communication works in helping the military in this way:


City A is linked to City C through phone lines passing through City B.
If an enemy attacks City B and destroys the link, then communication is lost between City A and City C.
But if we add a City D that also links City A and City C, then communication is not lost when City B is destroyed.
An alternate communication route now exists between City A and City C.
This is the fundamental concept behind the Internet.


In 1972, the InterNetworking Group was established to set the standards for the mass of inter-networked computers. This mass became known as "internetting" and the Internet was born. At this point, though, it was nothing more that a text delivery method for basic e-mail, file transfer, remote access and other techno-geek applications.


In 1991, Tim Burners Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW), which then introduced the possibility to display colors and graphics, animations and sounds. The Internet, as we know it today, didn't really boom until the late 1990's.


Internet History Timeline:




Uniform Resource Locator (URL):

Sample URL:



http://www.mygirlscoutwebsite.org/crafts/swaps.html


http://------------------> Stands for Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol, Same as FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
If no document is listed, your browser will automatically open in any document in the directory that is named "default" or "index".


www------------------> "World Wide Web" Where the domain is located.


www.mygirlscoutwebsite.org----------->True domain. Note: If the domain is owned or registered, then the "www" will be dropped.


.org = organization, .com = company, .gov = government, .edu = educator, etc.


/crafts------------------>Directory This is where all of the craft document files are organized and stored.


/swaps.html------------>Document Could be just one of the type of craft files stored in the Directory. Document files will be either ".htm" or ".html" and written in HTML language: Hyper-Text Markup Language.



Review:

1. Protocol---->http://
2. Domain----->www.mygirlscoutwebsite.org
3. Directory--->/crafts
4. Document-->/swaps.html


There are also Sub-Domains that may be located within the original domain.



Workshop Note:


We will be using Scroll Bar and Back Button to navigate for most of today, but we may manually type in a URL in order to reach a destination.